Jurnal Tanah dan Air (soil and water journal)
Volume 2 No. 2, Desember 2001
PERANAN SIFAT KIMIA PADA INCEPTISOLS DAN ULTISOLS UNTUK meNDUKUNG PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN PANGAN DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR : IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN TANAH
Y. Sulaeman dan B.H. Prasetyo
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat, Bogor
Abstract
Inceptisols and ultisols are dominantly found on land with 3 to 8 % in slope and they are potential for food crops in East Kalimantan Province. These soils had been studied to understand their chemical properties and their behaviors so that the type of appropriate soil management can be set. 16 soil samples from each layer of three Typic Dystrudept profiles and 15 soil samples from each layer of three Typic Hapludult profiles were collected as materials in this research. Survey method using land unit approach and laboratory analysis had been done in data collection. The result shows that all soils were acidity in reaction; low to very low in organic-C, total N, available P2O5, total P2O5, total K2O, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation content; and high in exchangeable aluminum and aluminum saturation contents. In addition, for every hectare Inceptisols require 300 to 330 kg urea, 110 to 220 kg SP36, 198 to 247,5 kg KCl, 5 ton organic matter, and 0,57 to 2,95 ton lime to support the optimum yield of upland rice; require 300 to 330 kg urea, 110 to 220 kg SP36, 198 to 247,5 kg KCL, 5 ton organic matter organic, and 1,26 to 5,01 ton lime for corn; and require 75 to 82,5 kg urea, 110 to 220 kg SP36, 198 to 247,5 kg KCl, 5 ton organic matter, and 3,74 to 14,67 ton lime for soybean. Whereas, for every hectare Ultisols require 300 kg urea, 242 kg SP36, 165 to 247,5 kg KCl, 5 ton organic matter, and 4,33 to 14,67 ton lime to support optimum yield of upland rice; require 300 kg urea, 242 kg SP36, 165 to 247,5 kg KCL, 5 ton organic matter, and 8,20 to 23,29 ton lime for corn; and require 75 kg urea, 242 kg SP36, 165 to 247,5 kg KCl, 5 ton organic matter, and 23,68 to 57,79 ton lime for soybean.
Kata kunci: Inceptisols, Ultisols, Pengelolaan tanah, Kalimantan Timur
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BATUAN FOSFAT DAN MACAM BAHAN ORGANIK TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN DAN SERAPAN P JAGUNG DI ANDISOL
A.N. Susanto1, D. Shiddieq2, B.H. Sunarminto2
1Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Ambon.
2Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian UGM Yogyakarta
Abstract
A pot experiment to study the effect of incorporation of rock phosphate and kind of organic matter on P availability, P uptake and efficiency of P uptake by corn plant on an Andisol was conducted in the green house. The experiment used completely randomized design in the factorial experiment with three replications. The first factor was the rate of rock phosphate at four levels namely 0; 0.25; 0.50 and 0.75 g P2O5.pot-1 (0; 150; 300 and 450 kg P2O5.ha-1). The second factor was kind of organic matter consisting of: without organic matter (C0); with ordinary cow manure (C1); activated microorganism cow manure (C2) and guano (C3) addition. The organic matter was applied at 26.69 g.pot-1 (16 ton.ha-1) each, on the basic of solid particle dry weight. The incubation was conducted in 21 days and at the end of incubation the soil chemical properties were analyzed, consisting of P availability. At the late maximum vegetative growth stage, dry weight of roots and shoots, P concentration as well as P uptake in whole plant, efficiency of P uptake were determined. The result showed that rock phosphate and kind of organic matter influenced of P availability of Andisol and corn growth. After harvesting P concentration and P uptake in whole plant increased. Correlation between P availability and P uptake in whole plant was significantly positive. Combination of guano with rock phosphate were result P availability and P uptake higher than other treatments, but efficiency of P uptake is low. Combination of activated microorganism cow manure with rock phosphate were result P availability and P uptake lower than other organic matter, but its efficiency is high.
Katakunci: Ketersediaan P, serapan P, efisiensi, Andisols, macam-macam bahan organik
METODE PENGUKURAN pH TANAH GAMBUT Masganti1, T. Notohadikusumo2, A. Maas2, Dan B. Radjagukguk2
1Fakultas Pertanian UNISKA Banjarmasin,
2Jurusan Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
Abstract
Although the problem of soil acidity in various parts of peat soil has been recognized for a long time, and pH is probably the first measurement conducted on a soil sample, there is no consensus as to which procedure should be used for peat soil. The objectives this research was to definite method of pH measurement on peat soil in relation to soil solution ratio and electrolytes. The research was conducted in the Soil Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, in Sekip, Yogyakarta on November of 2000. Moist peat soil tested was collected from Bereng Bengkel, in the Palangka Raya Regency, Central Kalimantan. The treatments trial were (a) soil solution ratio of 1:2.5; 1:5.0; 1:7.5; and 1:10,(b) electrolytes of water, 0,01 M CaCl2, and 1,0 M KCl, and (c) degree of peat decomposition, consisting of sapric and fibric. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete design with three replications. The parameters observed were characteristic of peat soil, EC and pH of electrolytes, and soil pH. The results showed that the peat soil pH more affected by soil solution ratio, kind of electrolyte, and its interaction, but not affected by degree of peat decomposition. The stable pH measurement on peat soil were supported by combination between soil : solution (1:5; 1:7.5; and 1:10) and 0,01 M CaCl2 solution.
Kata Kunci : Metode pengukuran pH, tanah gambut.
PENCIRIAN ABU VOLKANIK SEGAR GUNUNG MERAPI YOGYAKARTA
Miseri Roeslan Afany dan Partoyo
Jurusan Ilmu Tanah Fakultas Pertanian
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta
Abstract
This research was aimed to characterize some mineralogical, chemical and physical properties of fresh volcanic ash from Mt. Merapi eruption in 1999. Discussion was related to its role as soil parent material, soil amendment, and also as an environment annoyance. Volcanic ash was taken at Srumbung, Magelang, about 5 km from the top of the mount to the Northwest slope direction. Samples were collected from surface of leaf or house roof, which had been deposited for two days since volcanic eruption took place. Samples taken from several places and then were composited. The samples were analyzed for mineralogy of clay and sand fraction, texture, particle density, bulk density, water holding capacity, pH H2O, pH KCl, pH NaF, pH abrasive, total and available Al, Fe, Si, Ca, Mg, K, P, Na, Cu, Zn, and Pb. The results showed that clay fraction was dominated by primary mineral feldspar. Sand and silt fraction consist of stone fraction 60%, labradorit 28% and some accessories minerals i.e. bithownit, anorthit, and augit. pH H2O 4.75 and pH NaF 10.5. The material was dominated by Si (56%), followed respectively by Al, Fe, Ca, Mg and P. Heavy metal content was trace. Texture consists of 76% sand, 21% silt, and 3% sand fraction. Particle density was 2.62 g.cm-1, bulk density was 1.02 g.cm-1, and moisture content was 39.7% at pF 2.54 and 19% at pF 4.2.
Kata kunci: Abu volkanik, mineralogi, kimia, fisika, Gunung Merapi.
POTENSI DAN KENDALA PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN PANGAN LAHAN BASAH DI KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR KALIMANTAN TIMUR
B. H. Prasetyo dan Hikmatullah
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat
Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 98, Bogor 16123
Abstract
Soil survey and mapping at reconnaissance scale for agricultural development planning in Kutai Timur area was carried out on 2000, with landscape mapping approach method. Analyses of mineralogical composition and chemical properties were done for some potential wet land soils. From remote sensing analyses and fields observation the potential wet soils were indicated mainly situated in the alluvial and fluvio-marine landforms. Mineralogical composition of sand fraction is dominated by quartz and clay fraction is dominated by kaolinite. Almost all soils have heavy texture with clay content more than 60%. The reaction for all soils is acid to very acid with the range of pH value at topsoil is between 3.5 to 5.0. The range of organic matter content at topsoil is between moderate to high, with value of 2.26 to 6.73%. Potential phosphate and potassium (25% HCl) do not show special pattern and the values are varies among the soils. Soils in the alluvial landform have CEC value in the range between low (<16 cmol(+)/kg) to high (>25 cmol(+)/kg), while CEC’s values soils in the fluvio-marine range from moderate to high. Land suitability class result at recognize level was indicated that soils in the alluvial is suitable for wet land crop, and soils in the fluvio-marine is also suitable, but with some certain conditions. Generally chemical properties constrains are low of source and content of nutrients, acid soil reaction, and high value of aluminum saturation. Fertilizing and liming could be eliminated those constrains. Physical environment constrain is flooding, the alternative solution is reforestation of the hilly area and construct some drainage channels.
Kata kunci: Lahan basah, bentang lahan aluvial, bentang lahan fluvio-marine, Kutai Timur
KONDUKTIVITAS HIDROLIK PADA LATOSOL YANGBERKEMBANG PADA FORMASI NGLANGGRAN DAN SEMILIR DI PATUK GUNUNGKIDUL
Mohammad Nurcholis, Pitono, dan Djoko Mulyanto
Jurusan Ilmu Tanah Fakultas Pertanian UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
Abstract
Latosols are included in Red soils that had already developed as mature soil. The soils are characterized by high clay content, dominated with sesquioxide and strong in structure. Latosols in Patuk develop from two kinds of parent material, i.e. Tertiary Semilir and Nglanggran Formations. The research aimed to study hydraulic conductivity of the two soils. Morphology of two profiles of those Latosols were investigated and soil of each layers was sampled for further laboratory analysis. Undisturbed soil samples were collected using ring sampler from every + 10 cm in depth for determining hydraulic conductivity of each profile. Latosol which developed from Semilir Formation had smaller aggregates than from Nglanggran Formation. In contrary, the first soil had high content in drainage pores and showed high values of the effective hydraulic conductivity (Keff) and the water flux (Jw) than the second soil.
Kata Kunci: Konduktivitas hidrolik, Latosol, Formasi Nglanggran, Formasi Semilir, Patuk Gunungkidul.
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